1.2.1 Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions

 

• The Binomial distribution is,

 

 

• The Poisson distribution is,

 

 

• The Hypergeometric distribution is,

 

 

• The Normal distribution is,

 

 

 

1.2.2 Basic Polynomials

 

• The quadratic equation appears in almost every engineering discipline, therefore is of great importance.

 

 

• Cubic equations also appear on a regular basic, and as a result should also be considered.

 

 

• On a few occasions a quartic equation will also have to be solved. This can be done by first reducing the equation to a quadratic,

 

 

 

1.2.3 Partial Fractions

 

• The next is a flowchart for partial fraction expansions.

 

 

• The partial fraction expansion for,

 

 

• Consider the example below where the order of the numerator is larger than the denominator.

 

 

• When the order of the denominator terms is greater than 1 it requires an expanded partial fraction form, as shown below.

 

 

• We can solve the previous problem using the algebra technique.

 

 

1.2.4 Summation and Series

 

• The notation is equivalent to assuming and are integers and . The index variable is a placeholder whose name does not matter.

 

• Operations on summations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Some common summations:

 

for both real and complex .

for both real and complex . For , the summation does not converge.